Stopping a Windows Service Example
A service control program can stop a service by using the ControlService() function to send a SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP request. If the service control manager (SCM) receives a SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP request for a service, it instructs the service to stop by forwarding the request to the service's ServiceMain function. However, if the SCM determines that other running services are dependent on the specified service, it will not forward the stop request. Instead, it returns ERROR_DEPENDENT_SERVICES_RUNNING. Therefore, to programmatically stop such a service, you must first enumerate and stop its dependent services. The DoStopSvc() function in the following code fragment example shows how to stop a service and any dependent services. The szSvcName variable is a global variable that contains the name of the service to be stopped.
// Purpose: Stops the service
// Parameters: None
// Return value: None
void __stdcall DoStopSvc(void)
{
SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESS ssp;
DWORD dwStartTime = GetTickCount();
DWORD dwBytesNeeded;
DWORD dwTimeout = 30000; // 30-second time-out
DWORD dwWaitTime;
// Get a handle to the SCM database
schSCManager = OpenSCManager(
NULL, // local computer
NULL, // ServicesActive database
SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS); // full access rights
if (schSCManager == NULL)
{
wprintf(LOpenSCManager() failed, error %u\n, GetLastError());
return;
}
else
wprintf(LOpenSCManager() is pretty working!\n);
// Get a handle to the service
schService = OpenService(
schSCManager, // SCM database
szSvcName, // name of service
SERVICE_STOP |
SERVICE_QUERY_STATUS |
SERVICE_ENUMERATE_DEPENDENTS);
if(schService == NULL)
{
wprintf(LOpenService() failed, error %u\n, GetLastError());
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
return;
}
else
wprintf(LOpenService() is fine!\n);
// Make sure the service is not already stopped.
if (!QueryServiceStatusEx(schService,SC_STATUS_PROCESS_INFO,(LPBYTE)&ssp,sizeof(SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESS), &dwBytesNeeded))
{
wprintf(LQueryServiceStatusEx() failed, error %u\n, GetLastError());
goto stop_cleanup;
}
else
wprintf(LQueryServiceStatusEx() is working!\n);
if (ssp.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_STOPPED)
{
wprintf(LService is already stopped.\n);
goto stop_cleanup;
}
// If a stop is pending, wait for it.
while (ssp.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_STOP_PENDING)
{
wprintf(LService stop pending...\n);
// Do not wait longer than the wait hint. A good interval is
// one-tenth of the wait hint but not less than 1 second
// and not more than 10 seconds.
dwWaitTime = ssp.dwWaitHint / 10;
if( dwWaitTime < 1000 )
dwWaitTime = 1000;
else if ( dwWaitTime > 10000 )
dwWaitTime = 10000;
Sleep(dwWaitTime);
if (!QueryServiceStatusEx(schService,SC_STATUS_PROCESS_INFO,(LPBYTE)&ssp,sizeof(SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESS), &dwBytesNeeded))
{
wprintf(LQueryServiceStatusEx() failed, error %u\n, GetLastError());
goto stop_cleanup;
}
else
wprintf(LQueryServiceStatusEx() is OK!\n);
if (ssp.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_STOPPED)
{
wprintf(LService stopped successfully.\n);
goto stop_cleanup;
}
if (GetTickCount() - dwStartTime > dwTimeout)
{
wprintf(LService stop timed out.\n);
goto stop_cleanup;
}
}
// If the service is running, dependencies must be stopped first.
StopDependentServices();
// Send a stop code to the service.
if (!ControlService(schService,SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP,(LPSERVICE_STATUS)&ssp))
{
wprintf(LControlService() failed, error %u\n, GetLastError());
goto stop_cleanup;
}
else
wprintf(LControlService() is OK!\n);
// Wait for the service to stop.
while (ssp.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_STOPPED)
{
Sleep(ssp.dwWaitHint);
if (!QueryServiceStatusEx(schService,SC_STATUS_PROCESS_INFO,(LPBYTE)&ssp,sizeof(SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESS), &dwBytesNeeded))
{
wprintf(LQueryServiceStatusEx() failed, error %u\n, GetLastError());
goto stop_cleanup;
}
else
wprintf(LQueryServiceStatusEx() is OK!\n);
if (ssp.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_STOPPED)
break;
if (GetTickCount() - dwStartTime > dwTimeout)
{
wprintf(LWait timed out\n);
goto stop_cleanup;
}
}
wprintf(LService stopped successfully\n);
stop_cleanup:
CloseServiceHandle(schService);
CloseServiceHandle(schSCManager);
}
BOOL __stdcall StopDependentServices(void)
{
DWORD i;
DWORD dwBytesNeeded;
DWORD dwCount;
LPENUM_SERVICE_STATUS lpDependencies = NULL;
ENUM_SERVICE_STATUS ess;
SC_HANDLE hDepService;
SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESS ssp;
DWORD dwStartTime = GetTickCount();
DWORD dwTimeout = 30000; // 30-second time-out
// Pass a zero-length buffer to get the required buffer size.
if (EnumDependentServices(schService, SERVICE_ACTIVE,lpDependencies, 0, &dwBytesNeeded, &dwCount))
{
// If the Enum call succeeds, then there are no dependent services, so do nothing.
return TRUE;
}
else
{
if (GetLastError() != ERROR_MORE_DATA)
return FALSE; // Unexpected error
// Allocate a buffer for the dependencies.
lpDependencies = (LPENUM_SERVICE_STATUS)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, dwBytesNeeded);
if (!lpDependencies)
return FALSE;
__try {
// Enumerate the dependencies.
if (!EnumDependentServices( schService, SERVICE_ACTIVE,lpDependencies, dwBytesNeeded, &dwBytesNeeded,&dwCount))
return FALSE;
for (i = 0; i < dwCount; i++)
{
ess = *(lpDependencies + i);
// Open the service.
hDepService = OpenService(schSCManager,ess.lpServiceName,SERVICE_STOP | SERVICE_QUERY_STATUS);
if (!hDepService)
return FALSE;
__try{
// Send a stop code.
if (!ControlService( hDepService,SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP,(LPSERVICE_STATUS) &ssp))
return FALSE;
// Wait for the service to stop.
while (ssp.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_STOPPED)
{
Sleep(ssp.dwWaitHint);
if (!QueryServiceStatusEx(hDepService,SC_STATUS_PROCESS_INFO,(LPBYTE)&ssp,sizeof(SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESS), &dwBytesNeeded))
return FALSE;
if (ssp.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_STOPPED)
break;
if (GetTickCount() - dwStartTime > dwTimeout)
return FALSE;
}
}
__finally
{
// Always release the service handle.
CloseServiceHandle(hDepService);
}
}
}
__finally
{
// Always free the enumeration buffer.
HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, lpDependencies);
}
}
return TRUE;
}